HESI MCA I Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• An older adult patient has a new diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The patient asks how did I get BPH? Best response?
• Which symptom suggests an upper urinary tract infection?
• In which order will the nurse take these actions when caring for a patient in the emergency department with a right leg fracture after a motor vehicle crash? (Put a comma and a space between each answer choice [A, B, C, D, E, F].)
• Which ejaculation change is commonly discussed as a potential outcome after TURP?
• A CBC shows Hb 8.5 g/dL, Hct 25%, and MCV 82 fL. Which description best fits these results?
• Which route is recommended for initial epinephrine administration in anaphylaxis?
• A patient weighs 72 kg and is ordered amoxicillin 25 mg/kg per dose twice daily for 7 days. If the suspension concentration is 250 mg/5 mL, how many mL per dose should be administered?
• Which imaging modality may be used when recurrent urinary tract infections or suspected obstruction is present?
• A post-op patient shows a rapid drop in hematocrit and tachycardia suggesting internal bleeding. What is the most appropriate first action?
• A patient with BPH and urinary retention has elevated BUN and creatinine. Which therapy should be implemented first?
• In primary hypothyroidism, which hormone is typically increased?
• Which action is contraindicated when compartment syndrome is suspected?
• Which action will the urgent care nurse take for a patient with a possible knee meniscus injury?
• In primary hypothyroidism, which hormone is increased?
• Which is a risk factor for urinary tract calculi?
• Protein is essential for wound healing because it provides amino acids for tissue repair. Which nutrient is most closely associated with this statement?
• In a full-thickness burn, which tissue layers are destroyed?
• When discussing prognosis with a patient who has a terminal illness, which approach best respects patient autonomy?
• A patient with a fractured right hip has an anterior open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture. What should the nurse plan to do postoperatively?
• Which oxygen delivery device provides the highest concentration of oxygen for non-ventilated patients?
• Which statement shows appropriate understanding of post-TURP urinary incontinence?
• Which factor is a risk for bladder cancer?
• Which antibiotic class includes medications like gentamicin and is known for potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?
• What instruction should a patient taking nitrofurantoin be sure to follow?
• Which component of the RAAS primarily drives sodium and water retention to increase preload?
• Which assessment finding for a patient with acute pyelonephritis is most important to report to the health care provider?
• After a dislocated right hip with exposed bone, what type of fracture should the nurse document?
• Which SpO2 target range indicates appropriate oxygenation for a patient with COPD?
• Which finding requires immediate medical attention for a patient with a cast?
• Approximately what percentage of a daily fluid intake should come from foods?
• Hematemesis and melena most commonly suggest which condition?
• An INR of 5.0 without bleeding indicates what nursing action?
• For a neutropenic patient, which precaution is essential to prevent infection?
• Based on the information below obtained for a patient in the emergency room, which action will the nurse take first? • Age 23 years • Right lower leg injury • Reports severe right lower leg pain • Reports feeling short of breath • Bone protruding from right lower leg • CBC: WBC 9400/µL; Hgb 11.6 g/dL • Right leg x-ray; right tibial fracture
• Which statement about phenazopyridine is true?
• In the event of a patellar dislocation, the initial management involves which intervention?
• Which statement accurately links a risk factor to the cancer it increases risk for?
• Which findings are most consistent with acute pyelonephritis?
• The second day after admission with a fractured pelvis, a patient suddenly develops confusion. Which action should the nurse take first?
• After change-of-shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first?
• Dehydration is most indicated by which lab ratio?
• In hypernatremia due to dehydration, which IV fluid is typically administered first?
• After a fracture has been internally fixed with pins or plates, weight bearing on the affected leg is typically resumed after how long?
• Which combination of findings is most consistent with focal pneumonia in the left lower lobe?
• A patient with an external fixation device is being discharged. Which instruction is essential?
• Which wiping direction is recommended after urination to prevent contamination of the urinary meatus?
• What is the cardinal sign of a fracture?
• During the drying period of a long-arm plaster cast, which action helps prevent skin injury and cast deformity?
• A patient reports worsening urinary obstruction symptoms this week. Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask?
• Which symptom is considered irritative in BPH?
• Which information should seniors at a community recreation center be taught to help prevent fractures?
• A patient with left lower lobe pneumonia would likely have which physical findings?
• Which factor is a risk for glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for kidney and bladder cancer?
• Which nursing action reduces risk of respiratory depression in a patient receiving opioid analgesia?
• If the PR interval on ECG is 0.22 seconds, this indicates which condition?
• A DEXA scan primarily measures which parameter?
• Which statement correctly pairs a risk factor with the cancer it is associated with?
• To assess neurologic status in a patient with a fractured humerus, what should the patient be asked to do?
• A positive Babinski sign in an adult indicates what type of lesion?
• The organisms that cause pyelonephritis most commonly reach the kidneys through which route?
• Which statement accurately describes the purpose of continuous bladder irrigation after TURP?
• Which hormonal change contributes to BPH in aging men?
• A patient who recently underwent treatment for a femur fracture develops sudden shortness of breath and tachypnea. What action should the nurse take first?
• Which test determines a bacterial strain’s susceptibility to antibiotics?
• Which action is contraindicated in suspected compartment syndrome?
• Which drug is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor used to treat BPH?
• Which single food item should be avoided to help prevent uric acid stones?
• To determine the severity of symptoms for a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia, the nurse should ask about which symptom?
• Which statement best describes a compound fracture?
• After TURP, a patient with continuous bladder irrigation complains of painful bladder spasms and clots are seen in the urine. Which action should the nurse take first?
• If an IV bag of 1000 mL is infused over 8 hours, the pump rate should be 125 mL/hr. Which option matches this calculation?
• For increasing bladder control in a patient with urinary incontinence, which intervention is included in planning nursing care?
• In the emergency department for a patient with a femur fracture, which nursing intervention most effectively prevents a fat embolus prior to surgical reduction?
• Which symptom is most characteristic of a lower urinary tract infection?
• Which health history factor increases the risk for urinary calculi?
• Before splinting a suspected fracture of the upper limb, which action should the nurse perform as a priority?
• Which is a common complication of urinary obstruction due to BPH?
• Which cells within the pancreas produce insulin?
• A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a left femur fracture. Which information obtained by the nurse is most important to report to the health care provider?
• What is the most common type of kidney stone?
• Which nursing action is most effective in decreasing the risk of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections?
• Which statement best describes a compound/open fracture?
• When amputation is discussed for a patient with nonhealing ischemic ulcers, which response best supports informed decision-making?
• Which statement accurately reflects the relationships described in the material?
• A patient in septic shock has low mean arterial pressure and decreased systemic vascular resistance. This pattern defines which shock type?
• What daily fluid intake is recommended to help prevent recurrence of renal calculi?
• Which finding is NOT typically associated with fat embolism syndrome?
• Which discharge instruction would be appropriate for a patient with a cast?
• Which symptom suggests an upper urinary tract infection rather than a lower urinary tract infection?
• Which statement best reflects prevention of UTIs in a young female with cystitis?
• Based on the information for a patient with an open leg wound in the emergency department, which action should the nurse take first?
• A patient with a fractured tibia and extensive soft tissue damage has a splint applied. What early sign should alert the nurse to compartment syndrome?
• Which assessment finding is a skin manifestation of fat embolism syndrome?
• Elevated troponin I indicates what?
• A patient with osteoporosis has a spontaneous hip fracture. How should the nurse document this before X-ray results return?
• Which of the following is a late sign of compartment syndrome?
• Which practice best reduces infection risk during wound dressing changes?
• What is the most common type of kidney stone?
• A student nurse is teaching a patient with a humerus fracture about cast care and discharge instructions. Which statement needs correction?
• A patient with BPH is scheduled for a contact laser therapy. When can the indwelling catheter typically be removed?
• Assessing a patient with BPH, which symptom is most representative of obstruction rather than irritative symptoms?
• Which factor is a risk for renal cell carcinoma?
• Hypoparathyroidism commonly causes which electrolyte abnormality?
• In a full-thickness burn, destruction may extend to which tissue layer beyond the dermis?
• In heart failure, which mechanism initially increases preload to help maintain cardiac output?
• A patient with BPH and erectile dysfunction is prescribed which drug?
• Which statement accurately describes a management approach to relieve itching under a cast?
• Which foods are typically avoided in patients with oxalate kidney stones?
• A 70-year-old had TURP and is being discharged. Which patient statement suggests the need for additional instruction?
• A pedestrian who was hit by a car is admitted to the emergency department with possible right lower leg fractures. The initial action by the nurse should be to
• In discussing treatment options with a patient facing possible amputation, which approach most supports patient autonomy?
• What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
• A 300 mL IV bolus is to be infused over 15 minutes. What is the infusion rate in mL/hr?
• Callus formation in fracture healing is typically observed by the end of which time frame?
• Chronic diarrhea typically causes which electrolyte disturbance and acid-base disorder?
• Which of the following is the earliest sign of compartment syndrome in a tibia fracture?
• If a plaster cast becomes wet, what is the recommended action?
• After change-of-shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first?
• During fracture healing, the stage that shows clinical union sufficient to prevent movement and is documented as the initial stage of healing is called what?
• Which finding would indicate successful emptying of the bladder after voiding in a patient with urinary retention?
• The liver synthesizes which plasma protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure?
• The nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who prefers minimally invasive therapy. About which therapy will the nurse prepare to teach this patient?
• In septic shock, which hemodynamic change is typically observed?
• An IV bag of 500 mL is to be infused over 4 hours. What infusion rate in mL/hr should be set on the pump?
• An elderly patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia is agitated and has a markedly distended bladder. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
• Which symptom is more typical of a lower urinary tract infection rather than an upper urinary tract infection?
• At 2 months of age, which vaccine series typically begins?
• Which nursing action is highest priority for a patient with renal calculi who has gross hematuria and severe colicky flank pain?
• In a patient with cirrhosis and ascites who is started on spironolactone, which electrolyte should be monitored closely?
• Which factor increases uric acid excretion and predisposes to urinary tract calculi?
• What is the most common cause of pyelonephritis?
• Is avoidance of dietary calcium usually recommended to prevent renal calculi?
• Which finding would most help determine whether an older patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia has an upper UTI?
• A patient with BPH expresses concern that TURP might affect sexual function. What is the best nurse action?
• If needed, which surgical treatment will the nurse first prepare the patient for in the presence of compartment syndrome?
• What is the most critical intervention to prevent renal calculi?
• A patient with a UTI is treated and cured. Which follow-up action is appropriate to ensure proper management?
• After IV calcium gluconate stabilizes the heart in hyperkalemia, what is the next priority?
• How long does it typically take to notice improvement in obstructive symptoms with finasteride therapy?
• The day after a 60-yr-old patient has open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for an open, displaced tibial fracture, the nurse identifies the priority nursing diagnosis as
• Which action is most effective in reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty?
• Which factor is a common risk factor for acute pancreatitis?
• Which beverage tends to increase kidney stone recurrence?
• Which statement about cast edge care is correct?
• The nurse suspects a fat embolism rather than a pulmonary embolism from a venous thrombosis in a patient with a fracture when the patient develops which sign?
• Chronic abuse of phenacetin-containing analgesics is a risk factor for which cancer?
• Which nursing action can be delegated to experienced unlicensed assistive personnel for a patient with a right hip arthroplasty?
• To help prevent recurrence of a urinary tract infection, which instruction about fluid intake is most appropriate?
• Which nutrient is most critical for wound healing and collagen synthesis?
• When explaining advantages of contact laser techniques over TURP for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), what information should the nurse include?
• When teaching about finasteride for BPH, the nurse informs the patient that:
• Fat embolism is most likely to occur within what time frame after a long-bone fracture such as a tibia fracture?
• Postoperative patient reports 200 mL bright red blood in the first hour after abdominal surgery. What is the most appropriate action?
• In diabetic ketoacidosis, which finding is commonly observed besides Kussmaul respirations?
• A patient on IV fluids receives D5W at 100 mL/hr and has diabetes. Which risk should be monitored?
• Pyelonephritis typically begins with colonization of which site before ascending to the kidneys?
• What is the first action a nurse should take when a patient with suspected sepsis becomes acutely short of breath and has a SpO2 of 88% on room air?
• What practice best reduces infection risk during wound dressing changes?
• In chronic kidney disease dietary management, which mineral is commonly restricted to prevent hyperkalemia?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma?
• In a normal sinus rhythm, what is the typical range for the PR interval on an ECG?
• In wound healing, what daily protein intake range supports tissue regeneration in adults?
• A patient with a pelvic fracture develops abdominal distention and absent bowel sounds. This finding most strongly suggests which potential complication?
• A patient with type 2 diabetes has a recurrent urinary tract infection. Which antibiotic would typically be ordered for a recurrent infection?
• HIV infection is a risk factor for which kidney condition?
• After TURP, which dietary change helps prevent constipation?
• In the management of a patient with severe renal colic, what is the nurse's first priority?
• Which laboratory finding is most consistent with acute pyelonephritis?
• Which diagnostic study is used first to detect white blood cells in a suspected urinary tract infection?
• Which medication is a urinary analgesic used to relieve dysuria?
• Which statement about postoperative driving after TURP is NOT appropriate?
• What daily fluid volume is recommended to keep urine dilute and reduce stone risk?
• Which urine finding supports a bacterial urinary tract infection?
• Which sign indicates compartment syndrome requiring urgent evaluation?
• Which diagnostic test is most appropriate when urinary tract obstruction is suspected?
• MRSA colonization isolation precautions?
• Which intervention most effectively reduces falls risk during hospitalization?
• Which factor is most directly linked to increased uric acid excretion leading to stone formation?
• Elevated troponin I is most specific for which condition?
• Which antibiotic exposure is most commonly associated with C. difficile infection?
• An older adult patient with BPH has a diagnosis and is scheduled for a contact laser technique. What does the nurse determine is the primary goal of this intervention?
• Which of the following is a sign of fracture that is considered a supporting sign rather than a cardinal sign?
• Which action could be safely delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) when caring for a patient with continuous bladder irrigation after TURP?
• Which emergency measure should be given first to protect the heart in a patient with hyperkalemia (K+ 6.2 mEq/L)?
• Which symptom is commonly associated with lower urinary tract infection?
• Which of the following should not be advised to a female patient with frequent UTIs?
• For home care of a patient with comminuted forearm fractures and a long-arm cast, which instruction is appropriate?
• In chronic kidney disease, which mineral is commonly restricted in the diet?
• Which lab value best reflects immune status in an HIV-infected patient?
• Which preventive measure should a female patient with frequent urinary tract infections be advised to use?
• Which statement about urine color immediately after lithotripsy is accurate?
• After a kidney stone has passed, is it necessary to strain all urine routinely?
• What is a disadvantage of open reduction and internal fixation of a fracture compared to closed reduction?
• Which practice should be avoided during the drying of a plaster cast?
• After a motorcycle accident, a patient arrives in the emergency department with severe swelling of the left lower leg. Which action will the nurse take first?
• Which hygiene practice helps prevent fecal contamination of the urinary meatus?
• Which finding would support compartment syndrome in a tibial fracture patient with a cast who has pulseless, pale, and cool feet and reports numbness?
• Which nursing diagnosis is a priority in the care of a patient with renal calculi?
• Sickle cell disease painful episodes are primarily caused by what process?
• For a patient with a sprained ankle being discharged, which instruction is correct?
• During acute urinary tract infection treatment, which beverage should be avoided as a bladder irritant?
• A patient with a new short-arm cast has this statement: which shows correct understanding of home care?
• Which test is used to evaluate bone density in adults?
• Beyond oxygen therapy, what is a typical next step in sepsis management?
• The mitral and tricuspid valves are examples of which valve group?
• Which diagnostic finding would support a diagnosis of a urinary tract infection in a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia?
• Which electrolyte disturbance is commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis?
• An athlete presents with an ankle sprain after twisting the ankle. Which action should the nurse implement first?
• Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for which cancer mentioned in the material?
• Which measure helps prevent venous thromboembolism in a patient with a tibial fracture?
• What is the rationale for providing analgesia early in the management of renal colic?
• Hypoparathyroidism commonly causes which electrolyte abnormality?
• Normocytic, normochromic anemia is most commonly associated with which condition?
• HIV infection is a risk factor for which condition?
• In a patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism after a long-bone fracture, what is the nurse's first priority?
• A patient with COPD on oxygen therapy should have SpO2 target within which range?
• Why is daily cleaning of pin insertion sites important for a patient with an external fixation device?
• Which medication is appropriate for a urinary tract infection caused by fungi?
• Which sign is most characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis?
• When taking a nursing history from a patient with BPH, the nurse would expect the patient to report
• Which factor is a risk for renal cell carcinoma?
• Which PPE is required for MRSA colonization?
• Which discharge teaching item is essential for a patient recovering from pyelonephritis?
• Which finding would be most alerting to compartment syndrome in an upper-extremity injury?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for insulin production?
• Which imaging test is best for assessing bone density?
• Which healing stage is defined by the distance between bone fragments closing and radiologic union first occurring?
• A patient returns with recurrent dysuria after three days of antibiotic therapy. What action should the nurse take?
• Which statement is a risk factor for bladder cancer?
• Which antibiotic is typically used for uncomplicated urinary tract infections?
• The nursing activity 'encourage increased fluid intake' is beneficial to patients with any type of urinary tract infection because it...
• A 250 mL IV bolus is ordered to be infused over 30 minutes. What is the infusion rate in mL/hr?
• Which sign would most urgently require withholding a beta-blocker?
• Which approach best respects patient autonomy when discussing prognosis with a terminally ill patient?
• Before assisting a patient with ambulation 2 days after total hip arthroplasty, which action is most important for the nurse to take?
• Which action is most appropriate when caring for a patient with a suspected knee fracture in the emergency department?
• To prevent recurrence of uric acid renal calculi, which foods should the patient avoid?
• For a patient with a left leg fracture, which finding requires immediate action due to possible compartment syndrome?
• Which assessment finding is most consistent with a lower urinary tract infection?